Stanhopea oculata (Orchidaceae)
Major books in pollination biology:
Jones, C.E. & Little, R.J. (eds.) 1983. Handbook of experimental pollination biology. Van Nostrand.
Kearns, C.A. & D.W. Inouye. 1993. Techniques for pollination biologists. Univ Press of Colorado.
Real, L. 1983. Pollination biology. Academic Press.
Specificity in insects:
Heinrich B. 1976. The foraging specializations of individual bumblebees. Ecological Monographs 46:105-128
Lewis, A.C. 1986. Memory constraints and flower choice in Pieris rapae. Science 232:863-865.
Means of attraction and retention: sensory cues
Visual
Shape:
Pellmyr, O. 1988. Bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) assess pollen availability in Anemonopsis macrophylla (Ranunculaceae) through floral shape. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 81: 792-797.
Size:
Weiss, M. 1991. Floral colour changes as cues for pollinators. Nature 354:227-229.
Weiss, M. 1995. Floral color change: a widespread functional convergence. American Journal of Botany 82:167-185.
Willson, M.F. & P.R. Price. 1980. Resource limitation of fruit and seed production in some Asclepias species. Can. J. Bot. 58:2229-2233.
Size and shape:
Møller, A.P. 1995. Bumblebee preference for symmetrical flowers. Proc. Acad. Natl. Sci. USA 92:2288-2292.
Color:
Kevan, P. 1983. Floral colors through the insect eye: what they are and what they mean. In Jones, C.E. & Little, R.J. (eds.) Handbook of experimental pollination biology.
Bernard, G.D. & C.L. Remington. 1991. Color vision in Lycaena butterflies: spectral tuning of receptor arrays in relation to behavioral ecology. Proc. Acad. Natl. Sci. USA 88:2783- 2787.
Viénot, F. et al. 1995. What do color-blind people see? Nature 376:127-128.
Olfactory
Williams, N.H. 1983. Floral fragrances as cues in animal behavior. In Jones, C.E. & Little, R.J. (eds.) Handbook of experimental pollination biology.
Haynes, K.F. et al. 1991. Identification of floral compounds from Abelia grandiflora that stimulate upwind flight in cabbage looper moths. J. Chemical Ecology 17:637
Sound
von Helversen, D & O. van Helversen. 1999. Acoustic guide in bat-pollinated flower. Nature 398:759-760.
Sensory interaction:
Brantjes NBM. 1976. Riddles around the pollination of Melandrium album (Mill.) Garcke (Caryophyllaceae) during the oviposition by Hadena bicruris Hufn. (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera), I + II. Proceedings, Koninkl Ned Akad Wetensch, Ser C 79:1-12, 127-141
Pellmyr, O. 1986. Three pollination morphs in Cimicifuga simplex: incipient speciation due to inferiority in competition. Oecologia 68: 304-307
Means of attraction: rewards
Nectar
HG Baker & I Baker (1983) Floral nectar sugar constitutents in relation to pollinator type. In Jones, C.E. & Little, R.J. (eds.) Handbook of experimental pollination biology.
Pollen
Buchmann, S.L. 1983. Buzz pollination in angiosperms. In Jones, C.E. & Little, R.J. (eds.) Handbook of experimental pollination biology.
Others
Simpson, B.B. & Neff, J. 1981. Floral rewards: alternatives to pollen and nectar. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 68:301.
Oil
Buchmann, S.L. 1987. The ecology of oil flowers and their bees. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 18:343.
Seeds
Addicott et al. 1990. Evolution of mutualistic life-cycles: yucca moths and fig wasps. In: Gilbert, F (ed) Genetics, evolution, and coordination of insect life cycles
Pellmyr, O. 1989. The cost of mutualism: interactions between Trollius europaeus and its pollinating parasites. Oecologia 78: 53-59
Scent compounds
Williams, N.H. 1983. Floral fragrances as cues in animal behavior. In Jones, C.E. & Little, R.J. (eds.) Handbook of experimental pollination biology.
Resin
Armbruster WS, 1984. The role of resin in angiosperm pollination: ecological and chemical considerations. American Journal of Botany 71:1149-1160
Entire flowers
Sussman, RW & Raven, PH. 1978. Pollination by lemurs and marsupials: an archaic co-evolutionary system. Science 200:731
Rendez-vous
Pellmyr, O. & J.A. Patt. 1986. Function of visual and olfactory attractants in the pollination of Lysichiton americanum (Araceae) by a staphylinid beetle. - Madroño 33: 47-54.
Basking
Kevan PG. 1975. Sun-tracking solar furnaces in high arctic flowers: significance for pollination and insects. Science 189:723-726
Deception
Nilsson LA. 1983. Mimesis of bellflower (Campanula) by the red helleborine orchid Cephalanthera rubra. Nature 305:799-800
Dafni A. 1984. Mimicry and deception in pollination. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 15:259-278
Peakall R. 1989. The unique pollination of Leporella fimbriata (Orchidaceae): pollination by pseudocopulating male ants . Plant Syst Evol 167:137-148
Pollination syndromes and their (limited) utility:
Faegri, K. & van der Pijl, L. 1981. Principles of pollination ecology, 3rd ed.
Sazima, I. et al. 1995. The saw-billed hermit Ramphodon naevius and its flowers in southeastern Brazil. Journal für Ornithornologie 136:195-206.
Evolution of long spurs: evolution of proboscis
Nilsson, L.A. 1988. The evolution of flowers with deep corolla tubes. Nature 334:147-149.
Wasserthal, L.T. 1997. The pollinators of Malagasy star orchids Angraecum sesquipedale, A. sororium and A. compactum and the evolution of extremely long spurs by pollinator shift. Botanica Acta 110:343-359. [great pictures]
Nilsson, L.A. 1998. Deep flowers for long tongues. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13:259-260. [Nilsson's take on Wasserthal]
Manning, J.C. & P. Goldblatt. 1997. The Moegestorhyncus longirostris
(Diptera: Nemestrinidae) pollination guild: long-tubed flowers and a specialized
long-proboscid fly pollination system in southern Africa. Plant Systematics
and Evolution 206:51-69.
Local adaptation
Brink DE. 1980. Reproduction and variation in Aconitum columbianum (Ranunculaceae), with emphasis on California populations. Amer J Bot 67:263-273
Steiner, K.E. & Whitehead, V.B. 1990. Pollinator adaptation to oil-secreting flowers - Rediviva and Diascia. Evolution 44:1701-1707.
Johnson, S.D. 1994. Evidence for batesian mimicry in a butterfly-pollinated orchid. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 53:91-104.
Pollination and speciation:
Roberts DR, Alecrim WD, Heller JM, Ehrhardt SR & Lima JB. 1982. Male Eufriesia purpurata, a DDT-collecting euglossine bee in Brazil. Nature 297:62-63
Nilsson. L.A. 1992. Orchid pollination biology. TREE 7:255-259,
Paulus, HF & Gack, C. 1990. Israel Journal of Botany 39:43-79.
Pellmyr, O. 1986. Three pollination morphs in Cimicifuga simplex: incipient speciation due to inferiority in competition. - Oecologia 68: 304-307
Phylogeny and pollination:
Armbruster, W.S. 1993. Evolution of plant pollination systems: hypotheses and tests with the neotropical vine Dalechampia. Evolution 47:1480-1505.
Bruneau, A. 1997. Evolution and homology of bird pollination syndromes in Erythrina (Leguminosae). American Journal of Botany 84:54-71.
Johnson, S.D., H.P. Linder & K.E. Steiner. 1998. Phylogeny and radiation of pollination systems in Disa (Orchidaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 85:402-411.